/****************************************************************************/
// Eclipse SUMO, Simulation of Urban MObility; see https://eclipse.dev/sumo
// Copyright (C) 2001-2026 German Aerospace Center (DLR) and others.
// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
// terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0 which is available at
// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0/
// This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
// Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
// Public License 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
// or later which is available at
// https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-standalone.html
// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-or-later
/****************************************************************************/
/// @file    GeoConvHelper.cpp
/// @author  Daniel Krajzewicz
/// @author  Jakob Erdmann
/// @author  Michael Behrisch
/// @date    2006-08-01
///
// static methods for processing the coordinates conversion for the current net
/****************************************************************************/
#include <config.h>

#include <map>
#include <cmath>
#include <cassert>
#include <climits>
#include <regex>
#include <utils/common/MsgHandler.h>
#include <utils/common/ToString.h>
#include <utils/geom/GeomHelper.h>
#include <utils/options/OptionsCont.h>
#include <utils/iodevices/OutputDevice.h>
#include "GeoConvHelper.h"


// ===========================================================================
// static member variables
// ===========================================================================

GeoConvHelper GeoConvHelper::myProcessing("!", Position(), Boundary(), Boundary());
GeoConvHelper GeoConvHelper::myLoaded("!", Position(), Boundary(), Boundary());
GeoConvHelper GeoConvHelper::myFinal("!", Position(), Boundary(), Boundary());
int GeoConvHelper::myNumLoaded = 0;
std::map<std::string, std::pair<std::string, Position> > GeoConvHelper::myLoadedPlain;

// ===========================================================================
// method definitions
// ===========================================================================

GeoConvHelper::GeoConvHelper(const std::string& proj, const Position& offset,
                             const Boundary& orig, const Boundary& conv, double scale, double rot, bool inverse, bool flatten):
    myProjString(proj),
#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
    myProjection(nullptr),
    myInverseProjection(nullptr),
    myGeoProjection(nullptr),
    myRadians(true),
#endif
    myOffset(offset),
    myGeoScale(scale),
    mySin(sin(DEG2RAD(-rot))), // rotate clockwise
    myCos(cos(DEG2RAD(-rot))),
    myProjectionMethod(NONE),
    myUseInverseProjection(inverse),
    myFlatten(flatten),
    myOrigBoundary(orig),
    myConvBoundary(conv) {
    // older PROJ libraries fail to construct inverse projection if this
    // string is present
    myProjString = StringUtils::replace(myProjString, "+type=crs", "");

    if (proj == "!") {
        myProjectionMethod = NONE;
    } else if (proj == "-") {
        myProjectionMethod = SIMPLE;
    } else if (proj == "UTM") {
        myProjectionMethod = UTM;
    } else if (proj == "DHDN") {
        myProjectionMethod = DHDN;
    } else if (proj == "DHDN_UTM") {
        myProjectionMethod = DHDN_UTM;
#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
    } else {
        myProjectionMethod = PROJ;
        initProj(myProjString);
        if (myProjection == nullptr) {
            // avoid error about missing datum shift file
            myProjString = std::regex_replace(proj, std::regex("\\+geoidgrids[^ ]*"), std::string(""));
            myProjString = std::regex_replace(myProjString, std::regex("\\+step \\+proj=vgridshift \\+grids[^ ]*"), std::string(""));
            if (myProjString != proj) {
                WRITE_WARNING(TL("Ignoring geoidgrids and vgridshift in projection"));
                initProj(myProjString);
            }
        }
        if (myProjection == nullptr) {
            throw ProcessError(TL("Could not build projection!"));
        }
#endif
    }
}


#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
void
GeoConvHelper::initProj(const std::string& proj) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
    myProjection = proj_create(PJ_DEFAULT_CTX, proj.c_str());
    checkError(myProjection);
#if PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR > 5
    if (myProjection != nullptr) {
        const PJ_TYPE type = proj_get_type(myProjection);
        if (type != PJ_TYPE_TRANSFORMATION
                && type != PJ_TYPE_CONCATENATED_OPERATION
                && type != PJ_TYPE_OTHER_COORDINATE_OPERATION) {
            // handle PROJCS WKT (i.e. from Visum) which doesn't define a transformation but only CRS
            proj_destroy(myProjection);
            PJ_CONTEXT* ctx = proj_context_create();
            proj_context_use_proj4_init_rules(ctx, 1);
            myProjection = proj_create_crs_to_crs(ctx,
                                                  "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +type=crs +no_defs",
                                                  proj.c_str(),
                                                  NULL);
            checkError(myProjection);
            // "modern" proj doesn't default to radians but traditional proj strings do
            myRadians = false;
            //auto tmp = proj_normalize_for_visualization(ctx, myProjection);
            //PJ_PROJ_INFO info = proj_pj_info(myProjection);
            //printf("ID init: %s\n", info.id);
            //printf("Description: %s\n", info.description);
            //printf("Definition: %s\n", info.definition);
            //printf("Has Inverse: %s\n", info.has_inverse ? "Yes" : "No");
        }
    }
#endif
#else
    myProjection = pj_init_plus(proj.c_str());
#endif
}
#endif


GeoConvHelper::~GeoConvHelper() {
#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
    if (myProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
        proj_destroy(myProjection);
#else
        pj_free(myProjection);
#endif
    }
    if (myInverseProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
        proj_destroy(myInverseProjection);
#else
        pj_free(myInverseProjection);
#endif
    }
    if (myGeoProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
        proj_destroy(myGeoProjection);
#else
        pj_free(myGeoProjection);
#endif
    }
#endif
}

bool
GeoConvHelper::operator==(const GeoConvHelper& o) const {
    return (
               myProjString == o.myProjString &&
               myOffset == o.myOffset &&
               myProjectionMethod == o.myProjectionMethod &&
               myOrigBoundary == o.myOrigBoundary &&
               myConvBoundary == o.myConvBoundary &&
               myGeoScale == o.myGeoScale &&
               myCos == o.myCos &&
               mySin == o.mySin &&
               myUseInverseProjection == o.myUseInverseProjection &&
               myFlatten == o.myFlatten
           );
}

GeoConvHelper&
GeoConvHelper::operator=(const GeoConvHelper& orig) {
    myProjString = orig.myProjString;
    myOffset = orig.myOffset;
    myProjectionMethod = orig.myProjectionMethod;
    myOrigBoundary = orig.myOrigBoundary;
    myConvBoundary = orig.myConvBoundary;
    myGeoScale = orig.myGeoScale;
    myCos = orig.myCos;
    mySin = orig.mySin;
    myUseInverseProjection = orig.myUseInverseProjection;
    myFlatten = orig.myFlatten;
#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
    if (myProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
        proj_destroy(myProjection);
#else
        pj_free(myProjection);
#endif
        myProjection = nullptr;
    }
    if (myInverseProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
        proj_destroy(myInverseProjection);
#else
        pj_free(myInverseProjection);
#endif
        myInverseProjection = nullptr;
    }
    if (myGeoProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
        proj_destroy(myGeoProjection);
#else
        pj_free(myGeoProjection);
#endif
        myGeoProjection = nullptr;
    }
    if (orig.myProjection != nullptr) {
        initProj(myProjString);
    }
    if (orig.myInverseProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
        myInverseProjection = orig.myInverseProjection;
#else
        myInverseProjection = pj_init_plus(pj_get_def(orig.myInverseProjection, 0));
#endif
    }
    if (orig.myGeoProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
        myGeoProjection = orig.myGeoProjection;
#else
        myGeoProjection = pj_init_plus(pj_get_def(orig.myGeoProjection, 0));
#endif
    }
#endif
    return *this;
}


bool
GeoConvHelper::init(OptionsCont& oc) {
    std::string proj = "!"; // the default
    double scale = oc.getFloat("proj.scale");
    double rot = oc.getFloat("proj.rotate");
    Position offset = Position(oc.getFloat("offset.x"), oc.getFloat("offset.y"), oc.getFloat("offset.z"));
    bool inverse = oc.exists("proj.inverse") && oc.getBool("proj.inverse");
    bool flatten = oc.exists("flatten") && oc.getBool("flatten");

    if (oc.getBool("simple-projection")) {
        proj = "-";
    }

#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
#ifdef WIN32
    if (getenv("SUMO_HOME") != nullptr) {
        const char* paths[] = { (std::string(getenv("SUMO_HOME")) + "/data/proj").c_str() };
        proj_context_set_search_paths(PJ_DEFAULT_CTX, 1, paths);
    }
#endif
#endif
    if (oc.getBool("proj.inverse") && oc.getString("proj") == "!") {
        WRITE_ERROR(TL("Inverse projection works only with explicit proj parameters."));
        return false;
    }
    unsigned numProjections = oc.getBool("simple-projection") + oc.getBool("proj.utm") + oc.getBool("proj.dhdn") + oc.getBool("proj.dhdnutm") + (oc.getString("proj").length() > 1);
    if (numProjections > 1) {
        WRITE_ERROR(TL("The projection method needs to be uniquely defined."));
        return false;
    }

    if (oc.getBool("proj.utm")) {
        proj = "UTM";
    } else if (oc.getBool("proj.dhdn")) {
        proj = "DHDN";
    } else if (oc.getBool("proj.dhdnutm")) {
        proj = "DHDN_UTM";
    } else if (!oc.isDefault("proj")) {
        proj = oc.getString("proj");
    }
#endif
    myProcessing = GeoConvHelper(proj, offset, Boundary(), Boundary(), scale, rot, inverse, flatten);
    myFinal = myProcessing;
    return true;
}


void
GeoConvHelper::init(const std::string& proj, const Position& offset, const Boundary& orig,
                    const Boundary& conv, double scale) {
    myProcessing = GeoConvHelper(proj, offset, orig, conv, scale);
    myProcessing.resolveAbstractProjection();
    myFinal = myProcessing;
}

void
GeoConvHelper::resolveAbstractProjection() {
#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
    if (myProjection == nullptr &&
            myProjectionMethod != NONE && myProjectionMethod != SIMPLE) {
        const std::string origProj = myProjString;
        // try to initialized projection based on origBoundary
        Position tmp = myOrigBoundary.getCenter();
        x2cartesian(tmp, false);
        if (myProjection == nullptr) {
            WRITE_WARNING("Failed to intialized projection '" + origProj + "' based on origBoundary centered on '" + toString(myOrigBoundary.getCenter()) + "'");
            myProjectionMethod = NONE;
        }
    }
#endif
}

void
GeoConvHelper::addProjectionOptions(OptionsCont& oc) {
    oc.addOptionSubTopic("Projection");

    oc.doRegister("simple-projection", new Option_Bool(false));
    oc.addSynonyme("simple-projection", "proj.simple", true);
    oc.addDescription("simple-projection", "Projection", TL("Uses a simple method for projection"));

    oc.doRegister("proj.scale", new Option_Float(1.0));
    oc.addDescription("proj.scale", "Projection", TL("Scaling factor for input coordinates"));

    oc.doRegister("proj.rotate", new Option_Float(0.0));
    oc.addDescription("proj.rotate", "Projection", TL("Rotation (clockwise degrees) for input coordinates"));

#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
    oc.doRegister("proj.utm", new Option_Bool(false));
    oc.addDescription("proj.utm", "Projection", TL("Determine the UTM zone (for a universal transversal mercator projection based on the WGS84 ellipsoid)"));

    oc.doRegister("proj.dhdn", new Option_Bool(false));
    oc.addDescription("proj.dhdn", "Projection", "Determine the DHDN zone (for a transversal mercator projection based on the bessel ellipsoid, \"Gauss-Krueger\")");

    oc.doRegister("proj", new Option_String("!"));
    oc.addDescription("proj", "Projection", TL("Uses STR as proj.4 definition for projection"));

    oc.doRegister("proj.inverse", new Option_Bool(false));
    oc.addDescription("proj.inverse", "Projection", TL("Inverses projection"));

    oc.doRegister("proj.dhdnutm", new Option_Bool(false));
    oc.addDescription("proj.dhdnutm", "Projection", TL("Convert from Gauss-Krueger to UTM"));
#endif // PROJ_API_FILE
}


bool
GeoConvHelper::usingGeoProjection() const {
    return myProjectionMethod != NONE;
}


bool
GeoConvHelper::usingInverseGeoProjection() const {
    return myUseInverseProjection;
}


void
GeoConvHelper::cartesian2geo(Position& cartesian) const {
    cartesian.sub(getOffsetBase());
    if (myProjectionMethod == NONE) {
        return;
    }
    if (myProjectionMethod == SIMPLE) {
        const double y = cartesian.y() / 111136.;
        const double x = cartesian.x() / 111320. / cos(DEG2RAD(y));
        cartesian.set(x, y);
        return;
    }
#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
    PJ_COORD c = proj_coord(cartesian.x(), cartesian.y(), cartesian.z(), 0);
    c = proj_trans(myProjection, PJ_INV, c);
    checkError(myProjection);
    if (myRadians) {
        cartesian.set(proj_todeg(c.lp.lam), proj_todeg(c.lp.phi));
    } else {
        cartesian.set(c.lp.lam, c.lp.phi);
    }
#else
    projUV p;
    p.u = cartesian.x();
    p.v = cartesian.y();
    p = pj_inv(p, myProjection);
    //!!! check pj_errno
    p.u *= RAD_TO_DEG;
    p.v *= RAD_TO_DEG;
    cartesian.set((double) p.u, (double) p.v);
#endif
#endif
}


#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
bool
GeoConvHelper::checkError(projPJ projection) const {
    const int err_no = proj_context_errno(PJ_DEFAULT_CTX);
    const char* err_string = "";
    if (err_no != 0) {
#if PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR > 7
        err_string = proj_context_errno_string(PJ_DEFAULT_CTX, err_no);
#else
        err_string = proj_errno_string(err_no);
#endif
    }
    if (projection == nullptr) {
        if (err_no == 0) {
            WRITE_WARNING(TL("Failed to create transformation, reason unknown."));
        } else {
            WRITE_WARNINGF(TL("Failed to create transformation, %."), err_string);
        }
        return false;
    }
    if (err_no != 0) {
        WRITE_WARNINGF(TL("Failed to transform, %."), err_string);
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}
#endif
#endif


bool
GeoConvHelper::x2cartesian(Position& from, bool includeInBoundary) {
    if (includeInBoundary) {
        myOrigBoundary.add(from);
    }
    // init projection parameter on first use
#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
    if (myProjection == nullptr) {
        double x = from.x() * myGeoScale;
        switch (myProjectionMethod) {
            case DHDN_UTM: {
                int zone = (int)((x - 500000.) / 1000000.);
                if (zone < 1 || zone > 5) {
                    WRITE_WARNING("Attempt to initialize DHDN_UTM-projection on invalid longitude " + toString(x));
                    return false;
                }
                myProjString = "+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=" + toString(3 * zone) +
                               " +k=1 +x_0=" + toString(zone * 1000000 + 500000) +
                               " +y_0=0 +ellps=bessel +datum=potsdam +units=m +no_defs";
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
                myInverseProjection = proj_create(PJ_DEFAULT_CTX, myProjString.c_str());
                checkError(myInverseProjection);
                myGeoProjection = proj_create(PJ_DEFAULT_CTX, "+proj=latlong +datum=WGS84");
                checkError(myGeoProjection);
#else
                myInverseProjection = pj_init_plus(myProjString.c_str());
                myGeoProjection = pj_init_plus("+proj=latlong +datum=WGS84");
#endif
                x = ((x - 500000.) / 1000000.) * 3; // continues with UTM
            }
            FALLTHROUGH;
            case UTM: {
                int zone = (int)(x + 180) / 6 + 1;
                myProjString = "+proj=utm +zone=" + toString(zone) +
                               " +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs";
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
                myProjection = proj_create(PJ_DEFAULT_CTX, myProjString.c_str());
                checkError(myProjection);
#else
                myProjection = pj_init_plus(myProjString.c_str());
#endif
            }
            break;
            case DHDN: {
                int zone = (int)(x / 3);
                if (zone < 1 || zone > 5) {
                    WRITE_WARNING("Attempt to initialize DHDN-projection on invalid longitude " + toString(x));
                    return false;
                }
                myProjString = "+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=" + toString(3 * zone) +
                               " +k=1 +x_0=" + toString(zone * 1000000 + 500000) +
                               " +y_0=0 +ellps=bessel +datum=potsdam +units=m +no_defs";
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
                myProjection = proj_create(PJ_DEFAULT_CTX, myProjString.c_str());
                checkError(myProjection);
#else
                myProjection = pj_init_plus(myProjString.c_str());
#endif
            }
            break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    if (myInverseProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
        PJ_COORD c = proj_coord(from.x(), from.y(), from.z(), 0);
        c = proj_trans(myInverseProjection, PJ_INV, c);
        checkError(myInverseProjection);
        from.set(proj_todeg(c.lp.lam), proj_todeg(c.lp.phi));
#else
        double x = from.x();
        double y = from.y();
        if (pj_transform(myInverseProjection, myGeoProjection, 1, 1, &x, &y, nullptr)) {
            WRITE_WARNINGF(TL("Could not transform (%,%)"), toString(x), toString(y));
        }
        from.set(double(x * RAD_TO_DEG), double(y * RAD_TO_DEG));
#endif
    }
#endif
    // perform conversion
    bool ok = x2cartesian_const(from);
    if (ok) {
        if (includeInBoundary) {
            myConvBoundary.add(from);
        }
    }
    return ok;
}


bool
GeoConvHelper::x2cartesian_const(Position& from) const {
    const double x2 = from.x() * myGeoScale;
    const double y2 = from.y() * myGeoScale;
    double x = x2 * myCos - y2 * mySin;
    double y = x2 * mySin + y2 * myCos;
    if (myProjectionMethod == NONE) {
        // do nothing
    } else if (myUseInverseProjection) {
        cartesian2geo(from);
    } else {
        if (x > 180.1 || x < -180.1) {
            WRITE_WARNING("Invalid longitude " + toString(x));
            return false;
        }
        if (y > 90.1 || y < -90.1) {
            WRITE_WARNING("Invalid latitude " + toString(y));
            return false;
        }
#ifdef PROJ_API_FILE
        if (myProjection != nullptr) {
#ifdef PROJ_VERSION_MAJOR
            PJ_COORD c = proj_coord(myRadians ? proj_torad(x) : x, myRadians ? proj_torad(y) : y, from.z(), 0);
            c = proj_trans(myProjection, PJ_FWD, c);
            checkError(myProjection);
            x = c.xy.x;
            y = c.xy.y;
#else
            projUV p;
            p.u = x * DEG_TO_RAD;
            p.v = y * DEG_TO_RAD;
            p = pj_fwd(p, myProjection);
            //!!! check pj_errno
            x = p.u;
            y = p.v;
#endif
        }
#endif
        if (myProjectionMethod == SIMPLE) {
            // Sinusoidal projection (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoidal_projection)
            x *= 111320. * cos(DEG2RAD(y));
            y *= 111136.;
            //!!! recheck whether the axes are mirrored
        }
    }
    if (x > std::numeric_limits<double>::max() ||
            y > std::numeric_limits<double>::max()) {
        return false;
    }
    from.set(x, y);
    from.add(myOffset);
    if (myFlatten) {
        from.setz(0);
    }
    return true;
}


void
GeoConvHelper::moveConvertedBy(double x, double y) {
    myOffset.add(x, y);
    myConvBoundary.moveby(x, y);
}


const Boundary&
GeoConvHelper::getOrigBoundary() const {
    return myOrigBoundary;
}


const Boundary&
GeoConvHelper::getConvBoundary() const {
    return myConvBoundary;
}


const Position
GeoConvHelper::getOffset() const {
    return myOffset;
}


const Position
GeoConvHelper::getOffsetBase() const {
    return myOffset;
}


const std::string&
GeoConvHelper::getProjString() const {
    return myProjString;
}


void
GeoConvHelper::computeFinal(bool lefthand) {
    if (myNumLoaded == 0) {
        myFinal = myProcessing;
        if (lefthand) {
            myFinal.myOffset.mul(1, -1);
        }
    } else  {
        if (lefthand) {
            myProcessing.myOffset.mul(1, -1);
        }
        myFinal = GeoConvHelper(
                      // prefer options over loaded location
                      myProcessing.usingGeoProjection() ? myProcessing.getProjString() : myLoaded.getProjString(),
                      // let offset and boundary lead back to the original coords of the loaded data
                      myProcessing.getOffset() + myLoaded.getOffset(),
                      myLoaded.getOrigBoundary(),
                      // the new boundary (updated during loading)
                      myProcessing.getConvBoundary());
    }
    if (lefthand) {
        myFinal.myConvBoundary.flipY();
    }
}


void
GeoConvHelper::setLoaded(const GeoConvHelper& loaded) {
    myNumLoaded++;
    if (myNumLoaded > 1) {
        WRITE_WARNINGF(TL("Ignoring loaded location attribute nr. % for tracking of original location"), toString(myNumLoaded));
    } else {
        myLoaded = loaded;
    }
}


void
GeoConvHelper::setLoadedPlain(const std::string& nodFile, const GeoConvHelper& loaded) {
    myLoadedPlain[nodFile] = {loaded.getProjString(), loaded.getOffset()};
}


GeoConvHelper*
GeoConvHelper::getLoadedPlain(const std::string& plainFile, const std::string& suffix) {
    std::string nodFile = StringUtils::replace(plainFile, suffix, ".nod.xml");
    auto it = myLoadedPlain.find(nodFile);
    if (it != myLoadedPlain.end()) {
        return new GeoConvHelper(it->second.first, it->second.second, Boundary(), Boundary());
    } else {
        return nullptr;
    }
}


void
GeoConvHelper::resetLoaded() {
    myNumLoaded = 0;
    myLoadedPlain.clear();
}


void
GeoConvHelper::writeLocation(OutputDevice& into) {
    into.openTag(SUMO_TAG_LOCATION);
    into.writeAttr(SUMO_ATTR_NET_OFFSET, myFinal.getOffsetBase());
    into.writeAttr(SUMO_ATTR_CONV_BOUNDARY, myFinal.getConvBoundary());
    if (myFinal.usingGeoProjection()) {
        into.setPrecision(gPrecisionGeo);
    }
    into.writeAttr(SUMO_ATTR_ORIG_BOUNDARY, myFinal.getOrigBoundary());
    if (myFinal.usingGeoProjection()) {
        into.setPrecision();
    }
    into.writeAttr(SUMO_ATTR_ORIG_PROJ, StringUtils::escapeXML(myFinal.getProjString()));
    into.closeTag();
    into.lf();
}


/****************************************************************************/
